Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for these patients but it confersonly a moderate survival advantage. There remains
a need for new targeted treatment options and a way to better define patient populations who will benefit from these agents. In the past few years, there has been a better understanding of the biology, molecular profiling, and heterogeneity of gastric cancer. Our increased knowledge ATM抑制剂 has led to the identification of gastric cancer subtypes and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents. There are now two new targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, that have recently been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. There are also many other actively investigated targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor, the phosphatadylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, c-Met, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current management of advanced gastric cancer as well as emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
通过对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)生物标志物的监测,能指导临床有效诊断疾病,提高治疗效果,降低其他治疗方式产生的毒副作用,并能改善预后,预测疾病的复发和耐药性的产生。本文通过检索数据库,总结归纳了近年来新发现及常用于NSCLC预测疾病进程、预后及指导药物靶向治疗、放化疗的生物标志物,以期为指导NSCLC患者个体化治疗及疾病诊断、调整治疗方案提供依据和参考。
分子伴侣热休克蛋白90(heat shock
protein 90,HSP90)能够通过泛素化途径保护细胞内蛋白质功能,其在肿瘤细胞中呈过表达状态,维持肿瘤细胞生长、增殖、抗凋亡及转移能力。Ganetespib是目前广泛应用于多种肿瘤治疗临床试验的小分子HSP90抑制剂,其单药具有高效能的抗肿瘤活性,联合用药能增强标准化疗或其他靶向治疗疗效,且能同时克服多种肿瘤的耐药机制,本文就Ganetespib在多种人类恶性实体肿瘤治疗中的疗效进行讨论。
表皮生长因子受体是一种具有酪氨酸激酶活性的膜受体,在细胞的增殖、迁移、代谢、分化和存活中发挥重要作用。目前,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal ARRY 162 growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)的开发已成为肿瘤治疗领域的热点。EGFR-TKIs分为可逆性EGFR-TKIs和不可逆性EGFR-TKIs,可逆性EGFR-TKIs主要包括吉非替尼和厄洛替尼等已上市的药物,不可逆性EGFR-TKIs主要包括阿法替尼和一些正处于临床研究中的药物,如AZD9291、CO-1686和HM61713等。本文对EGFRTKIs的研究进展进行了综述,为非小细胞肺癌临床治疗的药物选择提供参考。
The
discrepancy between the surgical technique and the type of adjuvant chemotherapy used in clinical trials and patient outcomes in terms of overall survival rates has led to the generation TPCA-1 of different adjuvant treatment protocols in distinct parts of the world.The adjuvant treatment recommendation is generally chemoradiotherapy in the United States,perioperative chemotherapy in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe,and chemotherapy in Asia.These options mainly rely on the United States Intergroup-0116,United Kingdom British Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy,and the Asian Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial of S-1 for Gastric Cancer and Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Adjuvant Study in Stomach Cancer trials.However,the benefits were evident for only certain patients,which were not very homogeneous regarding the type of surgery,chemotherapy regimens,and stage of disease.Whether the dissimilarities in survival are attributable to surgical technique or intrinsic biological differences is a subject of debate.